The Introduction Of Tesco Plc Marketing Essay

The Introduction Of Tesco Plc Marketing Essay Tesco plc is one of British largest retail grocery currently the first in terms of the top 10 retail grocery in the United Kingdom. It was the first UK business to make  £2 billion in profits when it announced the feat early in 2005, (Tesco Annual Review, 2005) and the third largest global retailer based on revenue. Over the years, retail grocery sector represents the largest industry in UK providing employment for millions of people in UK either in manufacturing or in retailing. In 2003 retail accounted for 9% of domestic product (Datamonitor, 2003). The name TESCO was derived from the combination of a tea suppliers name T.E.Stockwell and Jack Cohen the founder of Tesco plc. Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen when he began to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London in 1919 and in 1924 Jack Cohen made a new label by combining the first three letters of the suppliers name (TES), and the first two letters of his surname (CO) to form TESCO. Tesco is one of the largest food retailers in the world, operating around 2,318 stores and employing over 326,000 people. In UK, Tesco plc operates under four banners namely Tesco Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. The first Tesco store was opened in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edgware, and Middlesex and in 1947; Tesco was floated on London Stock Exchange as Tesco Stores Holdings Limited. Fifty percent of sales in Tesco are gotten from Tescos own-label products which are in three levels, values, normal and finest. Tesco plc is also becoming one Britains largest independent petrol retailer because as well as convenience produce, many stores have gas stations and other retailing services rendered by Tesco also include Tesco personal finance. Tesco plc does not only specialise in food and drinks, the company also specialise in some other areas like clothing. Electronics, telecoms, retailing and renting of DVDs CDs, music downloads, car insurance and lots more. APPLY APPROPRIATE ANALYTICAL TOOLS TO EXAMINE TESCOS EXTERNAL OPERATING ENVINRONMENT AND APPROPRIATE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS AND TOOLS TO ANANLYSE THE ORGANISATIOONS INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT As noted by Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, (2008) The environment is what gives organisation their means of survival and there are five different layers of a business environment namely: the macro environment, industry or sector, competitors, the organisation and the market Business environment is a set of political, economic, social, technology, environmental and legal forces that can potentially have both positive and negative impact on the business. (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, 2008). EXTERNAL OPERATING ENVINRONMENT The constant change in market demands has made the economy so complex. Therefore analysing TESCOs eternal operating environment, the following tools will be applied to ensuring that TESCO meets the changes in market demands: the PEST tools, the SWOT tools and porters 5 forces. these tools will be to examine TESCOs operating environment. The PEST framework provides a comprehensive list of influences on the possible success or failure of particular strategies (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, 2008). This framework categorises environmental influences into political, economic, social and technological. POLITICAL FACTORS This factor highlights the role of government institutions. Take for stance in UK when the business environment was hit by credit crunch which lead to great unemployment. This trend actually helped TESCO because of their dominance in UK and as one of the fastest growing retailer they tried as much as possible to reduce the level of unemployment caused by these changes thereby creating employment. For employment legislation, the government encourages retailers to provide a mix of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally -based jobs to highly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally located jobs (Balchin, 1994). Also the strong government restriction against monopoly which is one of the threats TESCOs are faced with because within the customer law, it is very critical to note that protecting consumers and ensuring that entrepreneurs have the opportunity to compete in the market economy is very important. Also TESCO need to look critically in the aspect of government policies o n taxation because high taxation is one the major problems businesses face in the UK because it is never stable. The issues of government policies on trade restriction and implementation of new regulations could also affect in a way especially when there is free trade between the European Union which will be of TESCO benefit. ECONOMIC FACTORS This is another environmental factor which can make a huge impact in TESCO. Take for stance the economic down turn faced in UK due to the unemployment which drastically reduced the demand of so many good more so affecting the demand required to produce such goods which is a major concern to TESCO since they are highly dependent on the UK market. In addition if TESCO had known the economy was heading for a recession, with the use of PEST framework analysis it would have helped plan ahead. It is good to note that this factor can influence demand, cost, price and profits. SOCIAL/ CULTURAL FACTORTESCO plc is one of the retail groceries in UK who has successfully address peoples social and cultural needs due to the increment in the amount of non-food items for sale and this have sort of encouraged customer to move towards bulk shopping. The demographic changes like life style that is, the customers belief and attitudes have made TESCO to concentrate on added-value products and services. Another factor is population which has forced TESCO to have more interest in customers increased demand for organic products and this has in many ways help TESCO to strategies ways to drive cost out of the market. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS The use of technology in marketing is one of TESCOs expansion strategies. It has enabled customers to pay their bills electronically thereby reducing long queues. Online marketing has also influenced the development of many TESCO products and this benefits both the company and its customers. This personalised service makes shopping more convenient for the customers and has positively affects the growth of TESCO plc. PORTERS FIVE FORCES Threat of New Entrants The UK grocery market is so saturated with very few competitors dominating the market. There are five major key players in the UK grocery market namely Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury, Iceland and Safeway, all sharing the highest market share. With Tesco on top coupled with its huge investment and aggressive operational tactics in product development, it is difficult in all ramifications for a new entrant in the market to pose a threat the business of Tesco. Suppliers Bargaining Power Understanding that the suppliers bargaining power is very low, Tesco will not give room for a small chain to dictate prises in the market. The ability of Tesco as a huge grocery in UK to source for cheaper supplies abroad ,has enabled them to negotiate prices being brought forward by supplier which other small chains are not capable of meeting. For the fact that most of the major suppliers are scared of losing business to foreign supplier has influenced Tesco positively. Bargaining Power of Consumers When Tesco introduced Loyalty card and branded Clubcard in 1995, it did not succumb to other grocery that it was Tescos strategy of customizing service to gain dominance when it comes to meeting customers needs. This strategy not only made much profit for Tesco but also enabled Tesco to get a comprehensive database of all its consumers. This initiative actually won lots of customers for Tesco and has become standardized. It is amazing to the customers that they can get two clubcard points for every  £1 they spend in Tesco which means the more you spend in Tesco, the more clubcard points you make and these points can also be converted to coupons which can be redeemed for cash. The more the products that become standardized or undifferentiated, the lower the switching cost, and hence, more power is yielded to buyers. As theorized by Porter M. (1980). Threat of Substitute This threat can make great impact on Tesco plc when it comes to a product being substituted for another product which can make a customer switch to the alternative. This is mostly caused by the introduction of other small-scaled operations in the market. The demand of a particular product can be reduced if a customer sees an alternative in another market and for these reasons, Tesco are trying reduction of prices and modification of such products in the other banners they are operating on example Tesco Metro to avoid such threat. Bargaining Power of Competitors There are wide range and variety of competitions in the grocery business either on the small and large scale. Tesco in the grocery business has long witnessed a significant growth in size since its establishment in 1924, though not the first to be establish in UK but currently the first of the top 10 grocery in operation in UK and the third largest global retailer based on revenue. Over the years, grocery business has remained so competitive that it triggered a high level of development by major competitors like Asda, Sainsbury, Iceland and Safeway which has made Tesco to be more innovative thereby making them the largest grocery business providing employment for millions of people in UK either in manufacturing or in retailing and since been known for their market dominance. SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT analysis is a tool which could be used to audit an organisation and its internal and external environment. Tesco is the first of the top 10 grocery in UK with an excellent record in product and format innovation. And with the introduction of online shopping, Tesco became the only food retailer to make online shopping profitable which puts them ahead of other competitors. STRENGTHS Products with range of Prices: Tesco has several kinds of product in the market. These products range from food, non-food products, home appliances, medicines and so with different prices on all the products. In Tesco you can get whatever product you want at an affordable price. The prices vary anyway, the higher the quality, the higher the price and vice versa and this depend on the choice of the customer. Growing supermarket space: Tesco in the grocery business has long witnessed a significant growth in size since its establishment in 1924 and this is as a result of the growing population of consumers patronising the company and their increasing demand of several products. Strong brand image: Tesco is a household name in UK known for their market dominance in good quality and trustworthy product. It is because of Tesco strong brand image that most customers see great value in their services and this has earned the company lots of profits. Tesco Online: Online marketing has also influenced the development of many TESCO products and this benefits both the company and its customers. This personalised service makes shopping more convenient for the customers and currently being used by over one million customers in UK. The use Tesco Online in marketing is one of TESCOs expansion strategies. It has enabled customers to pay their bills electronically thereby reducing long queues thus bringing simplicity and value to the market. WEAKNESS Prices: Their price of goods poses lots of problem for Tesco plc. Trying to satisfy their customers needs by cutting cost of their products even their services can lead to a reduced profit margin for their business. High reliance on UK market: Tescos reliance on UK market is also one major weakness because if at any time the economy faces any challenges, this will definitely affects the business of Tesco, so it very much advisable for Tesco to look beyond UK and increase its foreign outlets and selling other commercial items. OPPORTUNITIES Internet: Tescos online successes is one great opportunities. Since the introduction of Tesco online, the use of technology in shopping has grown in quite a short space and moved into profitable status. Their website is so fully packaged totally different from all other grocery site and since there are no matches in terms of comparisons, it remains an advantage on the side of Tesco. Intervention in Asian market: Tescos intervention in the Asian market has serious positive implications in their growth internationally and this in no doubt will give Tesco an opportunity to develop its brand more so make Tesco much larger than they were due to Asias massive economies with huge growth forecast. Growth of non-food sales: Tesco known for their cut-cost structure can initiate same strategy to non-food retail and it is evident that Tesco capitalising on these opportunities are opening new store basically for the sales of non-food items which has given Tesco a tremendous result in increased market share in UK THREATS Economic instability: The unstable, unpredictable nature of the economy and political changes in UK pose lots of threat to Tesco and one critical example of these changes is the credit crunch which strokes the UK. This impacted on the consumers a lot because going by their low income, they had to go for products with low prices thereby paying less attention to higher priced brands and this can force a switch in Tescos price structure. Competition: This has also been a persistent threat and this one major reason why Tesco will keep up with the price cuts so as not to lose their customers to major competitors like Asda and Sainsbury. High price of raw material: The upsurge in cost of raw materials from both food and non-food could trigger poor production and this can impact Tesco overall profit margin. QUESTION 2 DEVELOP A VISION, MISSION STATEMENT, OBJECTIVES AND CONTROL MEASURES FOR TESCO The study of mission statement stated in the early 1970 s, and Drucker (1971) referred to them as a precursor to clear and realistic business objectives. As stated by Harrison and Enz(2005), An organizations mission statement provides an important vehicle for communicating ideals and a sense of directions and purpose to internal and external stakeholders. It can inspire employees and managers. It can also help organizational managers in resource-allocation decisions. With these definitions, it can be further explained that mission is what the organization is and its reason for existing whereas a vision is a forward-looking view of what the organization wants to become. Drummond and Ensor (1999) defined the mission of an organization as the unique purpose that distinguishes it from other companies and defines the boundaries of its operations. Vision Tescos vision is concentrated basically on their customers. They see themselves in many years to come as being the only grocery business in UK due their market development strategy. Mission statement To ensure continued income streams to the business from our key customers in all segments by removing the impediments which prevents them from the optimal enjoyment of our product and services. With the above mission statement, it is assumed that Tescos mission is permanently dominate the market giving no room for any competitors CRITICAL SUCCCESS FACTORS Objectives: The objectives of an organization govern the potentials value of the organisation and it also shows the platform on which the organisation is built in terms of profitability. The following describes Tescos objective: Tesco aims to minimize the cost of products and at the same time aim to earn high. Profit maximization is one major reason why a business will stand and Tesco sees selling at low price will attracts more customers thereby giving customers better chances of making choice in the quality and quantity of products at a valued price. Tesco need to ensure 100% customers satisfaction by offering good customers services and excellent Value for their money which differentiates them from their competitors. Dedication to their employees as well as to customers, ensuring that all their wants and needs are met KEY PERFORMANCES INDICATOR For Tesco to remain on top rather to maintain its position in the top 10, the following measures need to be critically evaluated: Tesco employees need have sound knowledge of their products so as to make shopping not too complex for their customers. This can also give customers ideas of some products they are not aware of more so forcing out a change of choice in their decision to buy more. Customers satisfaction is one vital key to business success. If a customer is not satisfied with either the product or the service then it will be difficult for such business to exceed. In other words, Tesco actually need to improve more in their customer service. Tesco at all time need to assure customers quality brands and also services by investing more in employee training. CORPARATE AND BUSINESS STRATEGIES Tesco is an organization more voluminous in terms of revenue acquisition and customers than any other grocery market in UK and for it to maintain its current standard or create a wide margin in the market, a lot need to be done to achieve it objectives. Firstly, Tesco need to divert the attention of customer from non-food products to food products. To do this, they need not to concentrate their advertisement more on non-food products but also encourage their customers to eat more sea foods, fruits as well as vegetables. They should also emphasis more on sales promotion of their own-labelled products on advert thus re-directing the customers usual orientation of branded products. The management need to put the quality of staffs into consideration not only the quality and quantity of their products. Arranging training programs will be appropriate to evaluate their employees quality, such programs will enable them gather vast knowledge of their products more so keeping the goals of the organization alive in the employees. Theoretically Tescos strategic development can also be analysed using Ansoffs matrix and BCG matrix

Creation Stories :: African Creation Tales Essays

Creation Stories Hegemonic myths are integral to understanding not only where a culture came from but also where it is going. The norms, ethics, and mores of a society are imbedded in its oral and written tradition so that it can subtly be relayed from generation to generation. The myths themselves are not consciously constructed with this intention. Rather the messages are subtextual – hidden in the creative story lines and characters. Since they were such good teaching tools, every culture has some kind of creation story to relay its early beginnings and important lessons. Although each society has its own version there are similarities and differences among the different cultures. For example, within West Africa there are comparable and contrasting creation stories, and then between West Africa and Egypt there are additional points of comparison. There are a variety of categories upon which the different creation stories correspond that it is difficult to find an overall theme. However, it can be said that each culture truly believed that its society was the center of the universe and its story was unequivocally right. I cannot help but be reminded of a scene from the Rogers and Hammerstein musical, The King and I. When Misses Anna shows the emperor’s children the map of the world, they are astounded that Siam is so small and not the center of the world. Additionally, they do not believe the world rotates on an axis. Rather, it is carried on the back of a giant turtle. Although it may seem rather comical, this is another creation story that, like those from West Africa and Egypt, affirms that the society holds their cultural myths as fact. In addition to the ethnocentric view that each story purveys, there is an inherent need to explain the unknown. This was probably their intended purpose, in addition to providing entertainment. The stories were necessary for people to understand the world around them and their place in it. The elements, the origin of man and his vices and natural occurrences, such as the cycles of the sun and moon, are topics that each myth addresses. It is interesting to note the circumstances under which humans were created. In both the Egyptian and West African Mande myths, man upset the equilibrium that existed between him and the Gods.

Research Critique of Benefits of Systematic Phonics Instruction

The purpose of this study or major research question â€Å"was to find if children taught with systematic phonics programs outperformed children in nonsystematic phonics or non phonics programs. † (Graaff, Bosman, Hasselman, &Verhoeven, 2009) The authors do list a major research question, but the problem statement was not as clear as it could have been. The reader has to read in depth of the entire article to really bring conclusion to what is being researched. It is not very defined with clarity, but you are able to figure out what is being researched and tested. The problem is significant and relevant because the researchers are looking at two approaches using a control group of children enrolling them in five types of programs: Basal reading programs, regular curriculum, whole language, whole word, and miscellaneous programs. In whole language approaches, it is believed that children will learn language (oral and written) best if it is learned for authentic purposes (Stahl, 1999). The author states the computer-based experiment permitted us to compare the differences and effectiveness of a systematic and a nonsystematic phonics approach, because in both programs the same 10 grapheme-phoneme correspondences were taught. Hypothesis The authors open their article with, â€Å"systematic phonics instruction appears to be more effective than non systematic instruction for teaching reading. † (Graaff, Bosman, Hasselman, &Verhoeven, 2009) In the present study, a systematic phonics approach was directly compared with a non-systematic phonics approach for kindergarten children. Feature Article  Country School  Allen Curnow The authors clearly state what they feel will happen in their research but do not go into much detail other than one or two reviews from other authors of why they support the research in the pre testing of it the way that they do. The author explains on the measures of phonemic awareness, spelling, and reading, the systematic phonics group made more progress than the nonsystematic phonics group and the control group. Results The results of the test in the productive letter sound test at pretest were . 13. The performance showed to be no difference between the two training conditions in this section. The free sound isolation test at pretest was 0. The performance on the free sound- isolation test of children in both the unsystematic phonics training and in the control condition was found to have no difference. The measurement of the Reading Test found no difference between the phonics training and the same measure and outcome was found with the spelling test. The results of the testing procedures were hard to read and understand. The process used by Intra Class Correlation was the measurement used at the pretest. It never discusses the ICC during the posttest. Whether the ICC was used it never refers to it after the pretest discussion.

Biography of Mary Sibley, Salem Witch Trials Witness

Biography of Mary Sibley, Salem Witch Trials Witness Mary Sibley (April 21, 1660–ca. 1761) was a key but minor figure in the historical record of the Salem Witch Trials in Massachusetts Colony of 1692. She was the neighbor of the Parris family who advised John Indian to make a witch’s cake. The denouncing of that act has been seen as one of the triggers of the witch craze that followed. Fast Facts: Mary Sibley Known For: Key role in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692Born: April 21, 1660 in Salem, Essex County, MassachusettsParents: Benjamin and Rebecca Canterbury WoodrowDied: c. 1761Education: UnknownSpouse: Samuel Sibley (or Siblehahy or Sibly), February 12, 1656/1257–1708. m. 1686Children: At least 7 Early Life Mary Sibley was a real person, born Mary Woodrow on April 21, 1660 in Salem, in Essex County, Massachusetts. Her parents, Benjamin Woodrow (1635–1697) and Rebecca Canterbury (spelled Catebruy or Cantlebury, 1630–1663), were born in Salem to parents from England. Mary had at least one brother Jospeh/Joseph, born about 1663. Rebecca died when Mary was about 3 years old. Nothing is known of her education, but in 1686, when Mary was about 26 years old, she married Samuel Sibley.  Their first two children were born before 1692, one was born in 1692 (a son, William), and four more were born after the events at Salem, after 1693. Samuel Sibleys Connection to Salem Accusers Mary Sibleys husband had a sister Mary, who was married to Captain Jonathan Walcott or  Wolcott, and their daughter was Mary Wolcott. Mary Wolcott became one of the accusers of witches in the Salem community in May 1692 when she was about 17 years old. Those she accused included  Ann Foster. Mary Wolcott’s father John had remarried after Samuels sister Mary died, and Mary Wolcotts new stepmother was Deliverance Putnam Wolcott, a sister of Thomas Putnam, Jr.  Thomas Putnam Jr. was  one of the accusers at Salem as were his wife and daughter, Ann Putnam, Sr. and Ann Putnam, Jr. Salem 1692 In January of 1692, two girls in the home of the Rev. Samuel Parris, Elizabeth (Betty) Parris  and  Abigail Williams, ages 9 and 12,  began exhibiting very strange symptoms, and a  Caribbean slave, Tituba, also experienced images of the devil- all according to later testimony.  A doctor diagnosed the â€Å"Evil Hand† as the cause, and Mary Sibley offered the idea of the witch’s cake to John Indian, a Caribbean slave of the Parris family. The primary evidence in the trial against the group was the witchs cake, a common folk magic tool made using the urine of the afflicted girls. Supposedly, sympathetic magic meant that the evil afflicting them would be in the cake, and, when a dog consumed the cake, it would point to the witches who had afflicted them.  While this was apparently a known practice in English folk culture to identify likely witches, the Rev. Parris in his Sunday sermon denounced even such well-intentioned  uses of magic, as they could also be â€Å"diabolical† (works of the devil). The witchs cake didnt stop the afflictions of the two girls.  Instead, two additional girls began to show some afflictions:  Ann Putnam Jr.,  connected to Mary Sibley through her husbands brother-in-law, and Elizabeth Hubbard. Confession and Restoration Mary Sibley confessed in church that she had erred, and the congregation acknowledged their satisfaction with her confession by a show of hands. She probably thereby avoided being accused as a witch. The next month, the town records note her suspension from communion and restoration to full congregational inclusion when she made her confession. March 11, 1692 – Mary, the wife of Samuel Sibley, having been suspended from communion with the church there, for the advices she gave John [husband of Tituba] to make the above experiment, is restored on confession that her purpose was innocent. Neither Mary nor Samuel Sibley appears on the 1689 register of covenanted church members of the Salem Village church, so they must have joined after that date. According to genealogical records, she lived well into her nineties, dying about 1761. Fictional Representations In the 2014 Salem-based supernatural scripted series  from WGN America, Salem,  Janet Montgomery stared as Mary Sibley, who in this fictional representation is an actual witch. She is, in the fictional universe, the most powerful witch in Salem.  Her maiden name is Mary Walcott, similar but not the same as the maiden name, Woodrow, of the real-life Mary Sibley. Another Mary Walcott in the real Salem universe was one of the key accusers at age 17, a niece of Ann Putnam Sr. and cousin of Ann Putnam Jr. That Mary Walcott (or Wolcott) in the real Salem was a niece of Samuel Sibley, husband of the Mary Sibley who baked the witchs cake.  The producers of the  Salem  series seem to have combined the characters of Mary Walcott and Mary Sibley, niece, and aunt, to create a completely fictionalized character. In the pilot of the series, the fictional Mary Sibley assists her husband in throwing up a frog. In this version of the Salem witch history, Mary Sibley is married to George Sibley and is a former lover of John Alden (who is much younger in the show than he was in the real Salem.) The Salem  show even introduced a character, Countess Marburg, a German witch  and terrible villain who has had an unnaturally long life.  At the end of Season 2, Tituba and the Countess die, but Mary goes on for another season. Ultimately, Mary comes to wholeheartedly regret her choices. She and her lover are reconciled and fight for the future together. Sources Ancestry.com.  Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988  [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011.  Original data:  Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts.  Massachusetts Vital and Town Records. Provo, UT: Holbrook Research Institute (Jay and Delene Holbrook).  Note that the image clearly shows 1660 as the birth date, though the text at the site interprets it as 1666.Mary Sibley. Geni, January 22, 2019.Yates Publishing.  U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900  [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.Jalalzai, Zubeda. Historical Fiction and Maryse Condà ©s I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem. African American Review 43.2/3 (2009): 413–25.Latner, Richard. Here Are No Newters: Witchcraft and Religious Discord in Salem Village and Andover. The New England Quarterly 79.1 (2006): 92–122.Ray, Benjamin C. The Salem Witch Mania: Recent Scholarship and American History Textbooks. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 78.1 (2010): 40–64. Satans War against the Covenant in Salem Village, 1692. The New England Quarterly 80.1 (2007): 69–95.

Figure of a Mother Holding a Child Essay Example

Figure of a Mother Holding a Child Essay Example Figure of a Mother Holding a Child Essay Figure of a Mother Holding a Child Essay Created in the 19th century by an unknown Lulua creative person. the Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child is a really interesting sculpture because there are multiple ways of understanding its import. On one manus. the sculpture is a perfect word picture of the hurting of famishment that the African people have been sing for a long clip. and that cipher outside of Africa has done anything eventful about – despite the fact that the full universe discusses it. On the other manus. it represents a ritual that the Lulua folk of the Democratic Republic of Congo had practiced for its ain endurance ( Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child ) . The sculpture is that of a skinny. African female with an baby in her weaponries. The woman’s caput is larger than her organic structure. The bone lines on her cervix are peculiarly stating. Even so. the bone lines on her cervix and the furrows on her face had really been created by the creative person to demo that the Lulua peoples had used scarification to decorate their organic structures ( Lulua Tribe: Democratic Republic of Congo ; Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child ) . Indeed. it is scarification that adorns the adult female transporting the baby. Merely the same the spectator is made to experience sorry for the adult female and her kid because they appear highly hapless. Made with wood and Cu metal. the adult female in the sculpture has pouching eyes and a pointed base ( Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child ) . Harmonizing to the Brooklyn Museum. the base was most likely thrust into a pot incorporating Earth and assorted bishimba. or stuffs of mineral. works. animate being. or human beginning endowed with protective powers ( Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child ) . : In actuality. the sculpture had been created for a Lulua adult female who had experienced troubles in childbearing. The Lulua people believed that it was the evil spirit which interrupted the procedure of childbearing for many adult females. So that the adult female would pull the hereditary spirit of the Lulua folk to acquire rid of the evil spirit. the creative person gave her the sculpture to care for until bringing. The pouching eyes of the sculpture reveal that the adult female is cognizant of the influence of the evil spirit that is halting her from going a female parent ( Lulua Tribe ) . The Lulua peoples had migrated from western Africa to the Democratic Republic of Congo during the 18th century. These people lived in small regional chiefdoms. and hence formed closely knit communities ( Lulua Tribe ) . Because they were immigrants. they were instead concerned about their continuity. Furthermore. the Lulua people believed that their sculptures had to be made for spiritual grounds ( Lulua Tribe ) . The Lulua creative persons who created sculptures such as the Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child must hold had faith that they were transporting out their moral responsibility toward their ain people. Indeed. the spiritual values of the Lulua people were guarded by their art. Sculptures of female were rather popular among them. as these figures exemplified the brotherhood of physical and moral beautify ( Figurative Sculpture ) . The Lulua people believed in comparing proper behaviour with physical beauty ( Figurative Sculpture ) . It can be inferred that the Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child and all other sculptures created for the same ground were reminders for the Lulua people that the human organic structure can non be separated from morality. This rule is clearly exemplified by the bond between female parent and kid. Figurative Sculpture. Cardinal African Art. 4 Dec 2007. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //africa. Si. edu/exhibits/journey/figurative. hypertext markup language gt ; . Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child. Brooklyn Museum Collections: African Art. 4 Dec 2007. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. brooklynmuseum. org/collections/african_art/50. 124. php gt ; . Lulua Tribe: Democratic Republic of Congo. For African Art. 2006. 4 Dec 2007. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. forafricanart. com/Lulua_ep_56-1. hypertext markup language gt ; .

Psychology Bsc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychology Bsc - Essay Example If they are asked to go beyond their stage of development they can only do some of the tasks required, and this depends on the child. When watching children we must take a look at the various developmental studies so that we can be sure that children we are watching are doing those tasks that are appropriate for their developmental stage. Piaget suggested that there were four basic cognitive stages of development. The children that we researched were in the preoperational stage where "children begin to use symbols for objects, thinking is influenced by fantasy" and the child assumes that other people have the same viewpoint as they do. (Loose Leaf Library 1990). As we watched the children in our group, they seemed to be doing exactly as Piaget suggested. They were alert and were able to work with the plastacine and create their own object by making it something that they saw in fantasy. The cognitive stage of development is important to the project that our group did because it assumed that the children already knew how to work with plastacine and that they would understand the interview questions. A similar study was done by Bub, Masson, and Lalonde (2006) in which children were subjected to reading tests to see whether they could overcome Stroop interference in their reading. The point of the Stroop effect is to show that when a child reads a colour that is a different colour than the word, they will take longer to perform the task of reading the word (p. 351). This study worked with 65 children between the ages of 7 and 11. They used five colours (blue, green, pink, red, and yellow) and five words (back, cold, face, home, and look) for the colour matching and reading words (p. 353). What they found was that the younger children had more Stroop interference than the older children. Although this study was interesting to read, it would seem that this topic would n ot be very important in helping children learn how

The Assessment and Prevention of Patient Bed Sores Essay

The Assessment and Prevention of Patient Bed Sores - Essay Example These ideas have been included in this research as well as how they are critically assessed. The idea of preventing bed sores is the main theme found within these pages, and there are a myriad of ways one can go about protecting a patient from acquiring these adverse sores. In conclusion the body of this literature reached it's finality by emphasizing how imperative it is to have good nursing care with preventive procedures that help the patient with adversities such as bedsores. The reason this was found to be conclusive was so that it could be ensured the final outcome for the patient could be expected to be a positive one. Bed sores happen to be a very serious complication in patient care. It is readily hard to believe that what is termed a simple bed sore or "pressure sore" can lead to a patient's death but yet, it very well can if a form of proper interventive care and assessments are not carried out right away. This point can be validated in the research done on bed sores through the Mayo Clinic of Health (2005). There is familiarity with the actor Christopher Reeve's but little is known as to his cause of death which ultimately was found to be a bed sore that had developed and gradually proceeded to get progressively worse due to his quadriplegic state. This idea is brought in to this literature in order to give a full and cohesive account as to how severe bed sores or ulcerations of the skin can actually be to the patients' health. Bedsores can progress rather rapidly and cause many complications in the realm of quality patient care but what is found is that they do not have to take place at all. A huge amount of research has been carried out by many experts in health care and it has shown that ulcer injury is a highly significant problem in caring for patients. However, following the preventive care guidelines that are found in various clinical care settings can effectively assist nurses in providing critical care for patients who are more apse to acquire these ulcerations (Lewis et al 2003). Nurses simple have to implement the correct regular assessments of patients and introduce the most efficient preventive measures to reduce these types of patient adversities. Within the country of Australia there is a definite problem with this type of healthcare complication which this literature is essentially pointing out. It is estimated that the preventive care alone is tallying in at $350 million dollars per year, which stresses the significance of the problem and introduces the probability that there needs to be a more definitive means of ensuring less occurrences of these types of ailments in patient care (Lewis et al 2003). Because pressure ulcers normally form on parts of the body that lie immobile and are constantly under the body weight of the patient, the preventive care is far more complicated. Furthermore, another problem that nurses face in preventive treatment of ulcers is the fact that many of these treatment regimens have not been found to be a surefire way of prevention and have even been known to exacerbate the problem far more than what it initially started as (Lewis et al