Environmental Scan Of The Airline Industry Tourism Essay Essay Example

Environmental Scan Of The Airline Industry Tourism Essay Essay We have defined our relevant market for Flydubai as a low cost bearer within the merchandise signifier degree. Bing positioned as a low cost national air hose bearer, it s confronting a high competition from other national air hoses which force the relevant market to be within the merchandise signifier. ( For more information on the relevant market please mention to appendix 2 ) . This paper will concentrate on showing an environmental scan of the air hose industry within the Middle East part during the clip frame of 3 old ages ( 2009-2012 ) . In order to make so, we will place the important tendencies and their attendant deductions on Flydubai relevant market. This study will include an in deepness reappraisal of the macro, micro analysis and its deductions of Flydubai relevant market in the following three old ages. Body: In placing the major key tendencies in the macro environment of Flydubai, we have addressed several issues that include the political, societal and economical tendencies. Flydubai was established by His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, UAE Prime Minister and Vice-President, and Ruler of Dubai orders in March 2008 and started its operation in its first flight to Lebanon on June 1st 2009.Being to the full owned by Dubai authorities and bask the full installations offered in terminal 2 at Dubai International Airport, the company is holding a competitory advantage compared to its challengers in the market as it enjoy the full authorities support and airdrome services. Furthermore, the current authorities tendency in the labour force is towards emiratization and protecting labours rights. Bing a portion of the Fly Emirates Group, the organisation will confront no job in emiratization as it will follow Fly Emirates emiratization scheme. The major challenge that Flydubai will confront is being able to offer high paid occupations and cut down its operational costs as it is considered a low cost air hose company. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Scan Of The Airline Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Scan Of The Airline Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Scan Of The Airline Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Populating in the current fiscal crises epoch, Flydubai was established in one of the most hard clip the state economic system had faced in the last 25 old ages. Falling oil monetary values, chilling existent estate and building markets, together with a lag in the touristry sector, particularly in Dubai, means the UAE is expected to post low or perchance negative GDP growing in 2009 , harmonizing to analysts ( Arabian Business, 2009 ) . This information may be considered negative to many air hose companies but it may be positive to a low cost air hose similar Flydubai as people are now concentrating more in cut downing their disbursals as the incomes are reduced. This means their inclination of consumers concentrating more on monetary values is increasing. Furthermore, consumer behaviour is altering towards low cost air hoses particularly in the Middle East part as consumers are persuaded by low monetary values and a better service offered by low cost air hoses. Harmonizing to a survey done by Arabian Business web site, it was found that 83 per centum of the respondents would exchange their preferable air hose bearer, for a cheaper monetary value, while 17.6 per centum believed they would see options and merchandise off between the price reduction and lost air stat mis. It can therefore be inferred that pricing plays a important function in consumer behavior and the determination doing procedure particularly in the current economic downswing epoch ( Glass, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Dubai section of Tourism and commercialism selling 3.85 million tourers had visited the emirate in the first half of 2009, a five per centum addition on the same period of 2008 . This figure strongly shows the current touristry industry market and how attractive it became even though of the current economical downswing. Other figures expect that the figure of tourers will fall compared to 2008 figures but most figures have stated that there will be a positive growing in 2010. This figure shows that Flydubai will see a future growing rates in the coming 3 old ages as terrorist act sector restore its high figures after get the better ofing the current downswing. As observed by Andrew Cowen, CEO of SAMA Airlines, the market is switching from the traditional major air hoses concern travel towards low cost bearers for trips within the GCC. Business travellers are altering their perceptual experience of low cost bearers, supported by the current economic downswing and the addition figure of foreign concerns within GCC states come ining the UAE. This shows a tendency of an increasing demand for low cost bearers in the following three old ages ( High clip for low cost bearers, 2008 ) . ( For in depth information on the analysis of the macro environment of the air hose industry please refer to Appendix 3 ) In placing the major key tendencies in the micro environment the undermentioned facets that includes, Customers, Employees, media, stockholders, rivals and providers. Customers who are monetary value conscious are concerned with low cost air hoses. Flydubai has focused on pricing scheme and flexibleness because these two factors play a large function in finding the client s determination procedure on which air hoses they choose to go with. Furthermore, the figure of tourer from around the universe including the part will turn more than 40 % in the following 3 old ages in Dubai ( www.realtyna.com ) . This shows that there will be increased figure of clients who will utilize Flydubai air hoses within the following three old ages due its successful usage of pricing scheme and flexibleness. The Employees of Flydubai have good experiences and they were carefully selected from 12 different nationalities. Harmonizing to Kenneth Gile, main runing officer of Flydubai said: We are highly pleased with the endowment of the pilots we have on board. On norm, they each have more than 4,000 hours functioning every bit captain in similar aircraft and a entire experience of more than 8,000 winging hours this is impressive by any criterion ( Sambidge, 2009 ) . Flydubai is to the full owned by the authorities of Dubai and its considered as a portion of its female parent company the Emirates Group. The chief scheme that Flydubai is willing to utilize for their selling scheme is through word of oral cavity ( bombilation ) . This is because Flydubai is a low cost air hose ; they tend to put low budgets for their advertizements to maintain their monetary values low. The direct rivals of Flydubai are Air Arabia and Al Jazeerah air hoses because these two air hoses are besides low cost air hoses in the same state as Flydubai. However, the major rival of Flydubai is Air Arabia because, foremost of all, they are the first to claim about low cost air hoses in the Middle East part. Furthermore, they hold the highest market portion in the relevant market as identified before. Our market portion comparing to those two carries are low because Flydubai merely late launched to the market. But, within the following three old ages we expect rapid growing in the market portion because Dubai is a finish for tourers. The major indirect rival is Fly Emirates which stands as the leader in air hose industry in the relevant market and it will maintain its public presentation in the following three old ages. The 2nd indirect rival is Etihad Airlines which is turning fast because of the limitless support from Abu Dhabi authorities. In add-on, those air hose bearers m ake low monetary value offers for the same finish that we have flight lines to. The provider of Flydubai is Boeing. Flydubai announced an order of 50 following coevals 737 aircraft from Boeing. Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum said: The Boeing Next-Generation 737 is ideally suited to our mission to convey some two billion regional dwellers low-cost, efficient and flexible travel options to and from Dubai. ( For more information on the micro environment analysis, delight mention to Appendix 4 ) . Deductions: Primary demand: Low cost air hoses are concentrating on clients who are monetary value witting. The figure of clients utilizing the LCC air hoses is increasing and it will go on turning in the following three old ages ( www.gulf-daily-news.com ) . This is because, foremost of all, the per centum of tourers will increase by 40 % within the following three old ages which shows that the market portion of LCC will increase every bit good. Second, because of the economic status, many people tend to salvage money and spend it on low cost air hoses to go more to the coveted finishs. Users of Low cost air hoses contain all different ages and nationalities. Furthermore, cost is one of the chief factors that affect client s ability to purchase. The costs of these bearers are low and will go on to stay low in the following three old ages. This will increase client s ability and willingness to purchase. Selective demand We can specify the consumer determination doing procedure as an extended job work outing degree, where they are introduced to a complete new trade name with low trade name cognition. So, Flydubai should infusive more on their trade name individuality through the media and other communicating types in order to enrich consumer s cognition. Once Flydubai had increased the degree of consumer cognition, we expect immense addition in market portion in the following three old ages because the determination devising procedure is traveling to switch from extended job work outing to routine which is low information hunt about the company. Therefore, we expect major alteration within the following three twelvemonth upon the factors we mentioned above. Cleavage: As for cleavage we expect to see a rise in the population of the UAE in the undermentioned 3 old ages. Harmonizing to the electronic portal of Gulf News the population of UAE is nearing six million as of now and it is expected to intensify even further by the terminal of this twelvemonth. An addition in building in the coming old ages requires more labour to be imported from foreign states, therefore increasing the figure of possible clients ( low income and middle-class life styles ) who might desire to utilize our services. Furthermore, economic roar can besides be a factor for business communities to go to and from Dubai more often. In add-on, the figure of pupils going to the UAE for instruction is expected to increase in the close hereafter ; this implies that they will most likely choice Flydubai as their primary manner of conveyance to go to and from the UAE, since the economic status shows really small marks of betterment in the close hereafter. More tourers are expected to get in the UAE within the close hereafter out of which a subdivision of them are highly monetary value sensitive travellers. Another scenario would be that the current economic downswing continues to consequence economic systems world-wide within the coming three old ages increasing the figure of price-sensitive clients in the eight markets we operate in. To maintain up with the jutting demand, Flydubai is be aftering to increase its swift size from 5 ( presently ) to 54 aircrafts in the coming old ages. An addition in swift size would let Flydubai non merely to suit a big figure of clients but besides expand its range in footings of finishs. Conversely, the proclamation of the new GCC rail web which is the new transit category in our relevant market is expected to hold a little negative consequence on Flydubai s operations in footings of fring clients that fall in our mark cleavage. The GCC rail web and Flydubai have one common finish which is Qatar. Once the GCC rail web begins its operations there is a high possibility of losing out on our current and possible clients. ( For more information on cleavage please mention to appendix 5 ) . Rival analysis Our major competitory in our comparative market is Air Arabia and so Al Jazeera Airlines. Air Arabia is keeping major market portion because they are the first to claim about establishing foremost low cost air hoses in Middle East part. However, Flydubai can vie with those two direct rivals when we focus on our competitory advantage which is monetary value leading. Besides, location is another of import factor due the figure of travellers that are utilizing Dubai Airport comparing to Sharjah Airport. In add-on, being portion of the Emirates Group will add more value to Flydubai trade name equity which will do it easier to do clients switch toward our company within the following three old ages. ( For more information on rival analysis, delight mention to Appendix 6 ) Decision: In decision after analysing the environmental micro and macro tendency for Flydubai, we observed that there are two major alterations in our relevant market. First, the addition of the touristry degree in Dubai as we expect the current economic downswing epoch to alter its way towards positive figures in the following three old ages. Besides, the companies holders and business communities attitude towards low cost air hoses is altering by utilizing it as these air hoses are supplying concern work forces services on board such a concern category and wireless cyberspace connexion. The figure of rivals within the low cost air hose industry is traveling to increase in the coming old ages as new air hoses such as Bahrain Airlines starts its operation this twelvemonth. Second, full service air hoses are spread outing their market towards low cost air hose by presenting low monetary value tickets that attract monetary value sensitive consumers. We expect that within the following 10 old ag es a new category degree will come in the market in the GCC part which is trains transit. Besides, a new signifier degree will emerge in the relevant market which is a combination between full services and low cost bearers. Finally, within the following three old ages we expect those alterations in the relevant market to be reshaped impacting the primary and selective demand. Bibliography ( 2009, October 18 ) . Flydubai air hose. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dubaifaqs.com/Flydubai.php McKechnie, D, Grant, J, A ; Katsioloudes, M. ( 2008 ) . Positions and placement: scheme merely stated. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 9 ( 5 ) , Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet? Filename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/3300090502.html Department of the Interior: 1751-5637 ( 2009 ) . Environmental scanning. Wikipedia. Retrieved ( 2009, October 17 ) from hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_scanning ( 2009 ) . Flydubai. Wikipedia. Retrieved ( 2009, October 17 ) from hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flydubai ( n.d. ) . flydubai, who we are. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.Flydubai.com/whoweare/fleet.aspx ( 2009, June 8 ) . Two more tough old ages for the air hoses. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eturbonews.com/9675/two-more-tough-years-airlines Nagraj, A. ( 2009, September 16 ) . Gloomy skies for the air hose industry. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kippreport.com/2009/09/gloomy-skies-for-the-airline-industry/ Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation, Initials. ( 2009, October 15 ) . Middle East LCC wrap: Air Arabia, Jazeera, Flydubai, nasair, sama and Bahrain Air. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.centreforaviation.com/news/2009/10/15/middle-east-lcc-wrap-air-arabia-jazeera-Flydubai-nasair-sama-and-bahrain-air/page1 Riaz, D, A ; Kapadia, S. ( 2007 ) . Air Arabia, Priced so that you can wing [ 5-14 ] . ( Adobe Digital Edition Version ) , Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //ae.zawya.com/researchreports/efg/20070701_efg_110604.pdf Schewe, , Charles, D, A ; Hiam, A. ( n.d. ) . market cleavage. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.quickmba.com/marketing/market-segmentation/ ( 2009, 10 07 ) . UAE population reaches six million. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j24H1v8s1BWuNXEwptqRIiB_-OOA ( 2009, 10 07 ) . Expat Numberss rise quickly as UAE population touches 6m. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //uaeinteract.com/docs/Expat_numbers_rise_rapidly_as_UAE_population_touches_6m/37883.htm ( 2009, April 7 ) . FlyDubai opens for concern with flights to Beirut and Amman. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ameinfo.com/191649.html ( 2009, October 8 ) . Number of tourers in Dubai set to turn by 40 per cent. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //74.125.153.132/search? q=cache: EPQhPUeolAEJ: www.realtyna.com/dubai_real_estate/dubai-rss-news/number-of-tourists-in-dubai-set-to-grow-by-40-per-cent.html+http: //www.realtyna.com/dubai_real_estate/dubai-rss-news/number-of-tourists-in-dubai-set-to-grow-by-40-per-cent.html A ; cd=1 A ; hl=ar A ; ct=clnk A ; gl=ae Sambidge, Initials. ( 2009, March 18 ) . flydubai appoints pilots, cabin crew. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.arabianbusiness.com/549994-Flydubai-appoints-pilots-cabin-crew Sambidge, A. ( 2009, August 11 ) . Dubai tourists up 5 % in H1 functionary. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.arabianbusiness.com/564508-dubai-tourists-up-5-in-h1 -official ( 2009, 10 07 ) . UAE population. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //archive.gulfnews.com/articles/09/10/07/10355378.html Redpath, H. ( 2009, June 16 ) . Dubai s First Low Cost Airline Takes Off. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //multivu.prnewswire.com/mnr/Flydubai/38830/ Redpath, H. ( 2009, June 16 ) . Dubai s First Low Cost Airline Takes Off. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.zawya.com/story.cfm/sidZAWYA20090616081711 Appendix 1 Back Ground information on Flydubai: Flydubai is the UAE 2nd low cost air hose that was established in March,3rd 2008 on the orders of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, UAE Prime Minister and Vice-President, and Ruler of Dubai. The company foremost flight was in June 1,2009 to Beirut in Lebanon followed by flights to Amman, Jordan, on June 2, Damascus, Syria, on June 8 and Alexandria, Egypt, on June 9, giving the new air hose a sum of four finishs in merely nine yearss. ( Redpath, 2009 ) . The company had ordered 50 Boeing 737 and is traveling to have 10 aeroplanes each twelvemonth for the following five old ages. ( Flydubai,2009 ) Currently the company runs its operations in Dubai International Airport terminal 2 that was redesigned for the new air hose. Sheikh Ahmed Bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Chairman of Flydubai said: This part is really dependent on air conveyance. It is a great recognition to the vision and leading of Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, that this air hose has now taken off, thereby guaranting occupants and visitants likewise will be able to go to more topographic points more frequently. ( Redpath, 2009 ) . The Flydubai theoretical account is simple, with clients merely paying for the services they want. The ticket monetary value includes all revenue enhancements and one piece of manus luggage, weighing up to 10kg, per rider. Passengers have the option to buy checked-in luggage in progress at merely 40AED for the first piece and 100AED for the 2nd, weighing up to 32kgs, capable to handiness. Checked luggage is purely capable to handiness and riders are advised to book early to procure the infinite, as merely pre-purchased luggage can be guaranteed. ( Redpath, 2009 ) Flydubai aims to do travel a small less complex, a small less nerve-racking and a small less expensive, explained Flydubai CEO Ghaith Al Ghaith. Our riders have the option to custom-make their travel experience depending on what services they want and how much they want to pay. ( Redpath, 2009 ) We plan to excite the markets in which we operate and encourage people to go to more topographic points more frequently. Flydubai purpose is non to drive traffic off from the other bearers but to assist turn these markets. When you consider that low cost travel in this part could be every bit small as 2 % of all air travel, as opposed to more than 20 % in Europe and America, it is clear that there is a batch of untapped potency in these markets. ( Redpath, 2009 ) In add-on, Flydubai will wing to airdromes that are presently underserved by the traditional bearers. In a part which is so dependent on air conveyance, we are looking frontward to supplying the world of accessible, low cost, uncomplicated travel ( Redpath, 2009 ) . Appendix 2: Merchandise Market Structure: The above market construction was used to place Flydubai relevant market within the air hose industry in the Middle East part. We started the construction with the most basic demand which is the demand to go in the part. This provided us with three options that include aeroplanes, coachs and autos. The merchandise signifier is divided between full service bearers and low cost bearers as they differentiate in monetary values and services being offered to clients. From this construction we can place Flydubai relevant market within the merchandise signifier degree. This is because the grade of competition and replaceability within the trade name providers are high, as they all offer low monetary values with similar paths within the part. This push the relevant market upwards towards the merchandise signifier degree. Furthermore, Flydubai indirect rivals include Fly Emirates, Etihad air hoses and Saudi air hoses. These full service air hoses are viing with Flydubai indirectly by supplyin g low monetary values with full services. On the other manus our direct rivals include Air Arabia and Al Jazerra air hoses that are both low cost air hoses that perform within the part. Further account on competition will be provided in the Micro analysis in the rivals subdivision. Appendix 3 Macro Environment: In analyzing the external environment of Flydubai in the following three old ages we will concentrate on the Macro and Micro environment. This survey will assist us in happening out the consequence of these external factors on the company in the following few old ages. The Macro environment factors will include Political, economical, societal and technological facets under which Flydubai will be affected by. 1 ) Political Analysis: A ) Government Regulations: Flydubai was established with orders of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, UAE Prime Minister and Vice-President, and Ruler of Dubai. Being owned by the Dubai authorities the company faces no troubles in Torahs and ordinances as the air hose industry in the Emirates is dining through the procedure of liberalisation the air hose industry that the United Arab Emirates is accommodating. B ) Political Analysis: In analyzing the overall political environment of the United Arab Emirates, we find it one of the most stable states within the part. Such political attack of peace seeking had made the state a trading hub in the part. This will surely hold its positive consequence on flydubai operations as to execute in stable political environment. C ) Employment Laws: Protecting labours rights and Emiratization is considered the chief facet that the UAE authorities is taking into consideration now a yearss. Companies are now forced to hold a certain per centum that of emirates locals that will increase in the undermentioned old ages as there is more accent on using locals in the private sector. Bing a portion of Emirates Airlines Group, Flydubai will surely accommodate its female parent company in hiring and preparation locals in suited occupations. The challenge that Flydubai will traveling to face is to diminish costs in one manus and supply good paid occupations in the same clip. 2 ) Economic Analysis: A ) Inflation Rate: The rising prices rate in the UAE is predicted to fall from last twelvemonth s 11.1 per centum degree to seven per centum in 2010, harmonizing to a new study. ( Sambidge, 2009 ) . This is considered a positive facet for Flydubai as it will hold its positive effects in cut downing the company costs in oil and land operations. High rising prices rates making to 11 per centum last twelvemonth was a menace to low cost air hoses such as Air Arabia and Al Jazerra Airlines that faced a job of high oil monetary values. This good intelligence will do Flydubai vie even stronger on monetary values as rising prices rates goes down. B ) Economic Analysis: Falling oil monetary values, chilling existent estate and building markets, together with a lag in the touristry sector, particularly in Dubai, means the UAE is expected to post low or perchance negative GDP growing in 2009, harmonizing to analysts. ( Sambidge, 2009 ) . Populating in the current World Financial Economic Crises the UAE economic system in general and Dubai in specific faced a difficult clip in 2009 but analysts forecast that there will be more positive figures in 2010. This information is considered a negative excessively many air hose companies but may be positive to Flydubai as people are now more focal point in cut downing their disbursals as the incomes are reduced. This means their inclination of consumers concentrating more on monetary values which is a positive thing for a low cost air hose. Additionally, analysts forecast that the economic system will turn in 2010 once more and this will surely hold its consequence on the company growing. 3 ) Social Analysis: A ) Demographics: More than 300,000 people will be added to the UAE population this twelvemonth to enter the highest growing of 6.3 per cent in five old ages and Dubai would probably emerge as the fastest turning emirate, official figures show. The rise slights studies that the planetary fiscal turbulency has triggered a mass hegira of exiles out of the state, chiefly Dubai. From 4.75 million in mid 2008, the UAE s population is projected to increase to 5.066 million in mid 2009, showed the figures by the Ministry of Economy. This figure are traveling to increase in the following few old ages which will surely hold its positive effects on the air hose industry in UAE sing that exiles make an approximative per centum of 80.1 of the above figure in 2009 harmonizing to the ministry of economic system. Furthermore, the figures show that the 25-29 twelvemonth age group was the largest in the UAE in mid 2008, standing at 777,186. It was followed by the 30-34 age groups, which was estimated at 754,289 and 35-39 groups of 588,505. This clearly indicates that most of the population is immature and is traveling to determine the touristry and air power market in the following twosome of old ages. B ) Consumer Behavior: Harmonizing to a survey done by Arabian Business web site, it was found that 83 per centum of the respondents would exchange their preferable air hose bearer, for a cheaper monetary value, while 17.6 per centum believed they would see options and merchandise off between the price reduction and lost air stat mis. It can therefore be inferred that pricing plays a important function in consumer behavior and the determination doing procedure particularly in the current economic downswing epoch. Furthermore, client trueness in the low cost bearers is low as it s straight related to monetary value. Flydubai should see this into history and present client trueness plans in order to keep a higher degree of client trueness. ( Glass, 2008 ) . C ) Leisure Interests: 3.85 million tourers had visited the emirate in the first half of 2009, a five per centum addition on the same period of 2008 Harmonizing to Dubai section of Tourism and commercialism selling. This figure strongly shows the current touristry industry market and how attractive it became even though of the current economical downswing. Other figures expect that the figure of tourers will fall compared to 2008 figures but most figures have stated that there will be a positive growing in 2010. D ) Career Attitude: Business travellers are altering their perceptual experience of low cost bearers. As observed by Andrew Cowen, CEO of Same, the market is switching from the traditional major air hoses concern travel towards low cost bearers for trips within the GCC. This altering attitude, supported by the current economic downswing and the addition figure of foreign concerns within GCC states come ining the UAE, shows a tendency of an increasing demand for low cost bearers in the following three old ages. ( High clip for low cost bearers, 2008 ) . Tocopherol ) Technological Development Analysis: Following its female parent company Emirates Airlines, we expect that Flydubai go a market leader in supplying advanced technological solutions to its riders by utilizing the big experience that emirates air hose have. If such way was adapted, it will surely supply the needful strength that Flydubai need in viing with its direct and indirect rivals. Appendix 4 Micro Environment: Stakeholder Analysis: This means to analyse the micro environment which includes the undermentioned factors: the clients, employees, stockholders, media, and the rivals. A ) Customers: Customers who are monetary value conscious are concerned with low cost air hoses. Flydubai has focused on pricing scheme and flexibleness because these two factors play a large function in finding the client s determination procedure on which air hoses they choose to go with. Price scheme and flexibleness of Flydubai include low pricing scheme and easy booking with increased picks. As Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al-Maktoum, Chairman of Flydubai said: As a true low cost air hose we are geared towards supplying our riders with the best monetary value and increased pick. We will run expeditiously and continually germinate to present the best possible merchandise to our clients . ( Flydubai opens for, 2009 ) . The cost of Flydubai from Dubai airdrome to Doha airdrome would be 200DHS, whereas other major air hoses such as ; Emirates or Qatar air hoses would be about 1000 or more for a one manner ticket ( Flydubai place page, 2009 ) . This shows that Flydubai is much cheaper and has manag ed to maintain monetary values low due to the successful usage of their pricing scheme. Furthermore, the figure of tourer from around the universe including the part will turn more than 40 % in the following 3 old ages in Dubai ( Number of tourers, 2009 ) .This shows that there will be increased figure of clients who will utilize Flydubai air hoses within the following three old ages due its successful usage of pricing scheme and flexibleness. B ) Employees: Flydubai air hose has received more than 11,500 applications from flight and cabin crew. There are 18 first officers, 61 captains, and about more than 8000 campaigners for pilots were selected from 12 different nationalities ( Sambidge, 2009 ) . The staff has good experiences and was carefully selected. Harmonizing to Kenneth Gile, main runing officer of Flydubai said: We are highly pleased with the endowment of the pilots we have on board. On norm, they each have more than 4,000 hours functioning every bit captain in similar aircraft and a entire experience of more than 8,000 winging hours this is impressive by any criterion ( Sambidge, 2009 ) . Furthermore, employee and staff cordial reception is really of import. This is because the employees and staff were selected from 12 different nationalities and they need to experience comfy with the new civilization they are confronting in order to work expeditiously. D ) Stockholders: Flydubai is to the full owned by the authorities of Dubai and its considered as a portion of its female parent company the Emirates Group. The company has no other stockholders presently as there its 250 million dirham s capital is wholly raised by the authorities. Tocopherol ) The media: Obviously, through observations, Flydubai has made many advertizements through promotion such as ; Newspapers ( e.g. gulf intelligence ) and internet web sites. However, the chief scheme they used or willing to utilize for their selling scheme is through word of oral cavity ( bombilation ) . Since Flydubai is a low cost air hose, they tend to put low budgets for their advertizements to maintain their monetary values low. So the best manner to carry on an advertizement method for low cost bearers is through word of oral cavity. ( This information is based on analysis due to facts and observations ) . Appendix 5 Primary demand: After doing the environment analysis for the following three old ages and analyzing the current market conditions, we identified Flydubai relevant market at the merchandise signifier degree. This is because there is a high competition within the trade name supply degree coercing it towards the merchandise signifier degree as they all offer low monetary values with similar finishs. After the fiscal crisis, we noticed a displacement toward low cost air hoses as incomes had decreased. This had its effects on the undermentioned primary demand elements that include: Buyer Designation: The figure of clients utilizing the LCC air hoses is late increasing ( www.gulf-daily-news.com ) . Users of LCC Airlines contain all different ages and nationalities. However, these air hoses are concentrating on clients who are concerned about monetary values since it is a low cost air hose. Customers now a yearss are non merely concerted with monetary values but are looking for other services provided along the trip such as land services, easy engagement system and accurate timing agendas. Peoples who are concerned about monetary values look for cheaper air hoses, people who are concerned about comfort expression for comfy seats, and people who are concerned about booking flexibleness expression for easy engagement provided by air hoses. Some low cost air hoses provide these characteristics to clients in order to derive the maximal market portion. The Buying Center As mentioned before, many clients are concerned and prefer air hoses with low monetary values and comfort. The usage of media such as advertisement can be really effectual in client s buying determination procedure. Furthermore, Family, friends, co-workers can besides pull strings or carry the buying determination procedure. Ability: Cost is the chief factor that drives the client to take to go utilizing LCC air hoses. Customers harmonizing to the relevant market will take to wing on air hoses that provide good quality and low monetary values. Furthermore, size is another factor that will impact the ability to purchase in two ways. First, the size of the aeroplanes will impact rider s comfort in long distance flights. Second, size of the airdrome will play a major function because some clients do non like the fact of walking excessively much. For this ground, Dubai Airport provided more services to riders to do them experience comfort while they are in the airdrome which will profit LCC air hoses such as ; Flydubai. Selective Demand We can specify the consumer determination doing procedure as an extended job work outing degree, where they are introduced to a complete new trade name with low trade name cognition. So, Flydubai should infusive more on their trade name individuality through the media and other communicating types in order to enrich consumer s cognition. Once Flydubai had increased the degree of consumer cognition, we expect immense addition in market portion in the following three old ages because the determination devising procedure is traveling to switch from extended job work outing to routine which is low information hunt about the company. Therefore, we expect major alteration within the following three twelvemonth upon the factors we mentioned above. Therefore, to do consumers alter their influence toward our trade name we should concentrate on the undermentioned properties. Properties: Properties are what clients perceived about certain trade name. Our trade name merely launched this twelvemonth ( 2009 ) . Therefore, to enrich Flydubai trade name in client s perceptual experience, we should pay attending to the undermentioned points: Handiness Scheduling Terminal Land services Monetary value Repute Appendix 5 Cleavage The intent of sectioning clients into different groups is to place their different traits and features, so as to recognize demand for new merchandises and increase profitableness ( as Nicholas Ashill had mentioned in a talk ) . For sectioning flydubai clients we need to sort them based on four factors. Each has some constituents that must find. Geographic Segmentation ( population denseness and population growing ) The mark market of flydubai resides in the UAE, particularly in the Emirate of Dubai. Harmonizing to the electronic portal of Gulf News ( a taking English linguistic communication News Paper circulated in the Emirates ) , the population of the UAE is nearing six million presently. In add-on, people shacking in some major metropoliss to which flydubai operates in such as ; Beirut, Amman, Aleppo, Doha, Alexandria, Damascus and Djibouti besides form a major ball of the mark market. Each metropolis mentioned above has huge potency for growing. Demographic cleavage ( business, income and household position ) The mark market largely comprises of business communities and/or employees of companies runing in the Emirates that are frequent travellers to one of the eight finishs. Their degree of income may non be really high. In simple footings, they can be categorized as people belonging to the middle-low to middle income classs. Their grounds for going may be sing household or to take a short trip related to work ( willingness to go will be high ) . Furthermore, clients can besides be pupils that are remaining in the UAE for educational intents and would desire to go back to their hometown whenever there are vacations. Psychographic cleavage ( attitudes and life manner ) The mark market of flydubai may non be taking epicurean life styles ; in fact, they can be classified as people belonging to the middle-low to middle category bracket. They are normally easy traveling people ; they do non hold several demands and easy set with state of affairss. Their demand is merely to acquire from one topographic point to another without being treated specially or in a epicurean mode. However, these people carry a complex set of cultural values which means they give extreme importance to factors such as programming and promptness of flights. Behavioral cleavage ( usage rate, monetary value sensitiveness and benefit sought ) The mark market of flydubai would wish to hold the most convenient journey without holding to pass a immense sum of money on tickets. They are extremely monetary value sensitive and see the benefit by going with us. Overall, we our mark clients are frequent travellers ; they could be business communities, employees, pupils or those who want to return to their hometowns to run into their households. Our mark clients reside in all the eight finishs which show a high potency for growing in the close hereafter. The mark clients fall in the middle-low to middle category bracket ; they portion assorted factors such as income degrees, disbursement forms and life styles. They wish to have the most convenient services at the lowest monetary values possible ( extremely monetary value medium ) . Therefore, by placing the features of our clients we realize the demand for the service needed. Analyzing and understanding the features of our clients will assist us in understanding their demands which would ensue in higher gross revenues and net incomes.

Free Essays on Life Of Elizabeth Barrett Browning

The main ideas of Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s poetic works changed constantly during her life, due to significant events occuring Spirituality was the main focus of Barrett’s writing from 1838 until 1844. Poetry became such a large part of her life due to a spinal injury in 1821 which left her relying on opium for a long period of time. As well as the ill-manners of her health, Barrett experienced the tragic death of her brother due to drowning in the year of 1838. These significant events left Barrett in a state of emotional turmoil. She found herself unable to live in the world of reality. For four years, she seperated herself from reality by locking herself in a bedroom. During this time, the only persons she conversed with was her family and one or two close friends. It was during this period that poetry became such a signifacant part of Barrett’s life. She began to write about Jesus, Angels, and other significant biblical characters. In the poem The Seraphim, two angels stand outside the Garden of Eden. It is there they describe and praise God for his awesome splendor and majesty. â€Å"Of earth, the God-created and God praised In hour of birth Where everynight the moon in light Doth lead waters silver faced? Where every day the sun doth lay A rapture to the heart of all The leafy and reeded pastoral, As if the joyous shout which burst From angel lips to see him first, Had left a silent echo in his ray?† (The Seraphim, 1838) The poem is a deep reflection of what Barrett feels inside at this time in her life. She is depressed, lonely and full of agony because of all the aweful things which are happening, so she turns to spirituality. She looks to God for renewal and strength, expressing his awesomeness in her poems, as she does here when describing the Holy God. Another poem written during the time of despair is titled The Virgin Mary to the Child Jesus. The poem is a... Free Essays on Life Of Elizabeth Barrett Browning Free Essays on Life Of Elizabeth Barrett Browning The main ideas of Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s poetic works changed constantly during her life, due to significant events occuring Spirituality was the main focus of Barrett’s writing from 1838 until 1844. Poetry became such a large part of her life due to a spinal injury in 1821 which left her relying on opium for a long period of time. As well as the ill-manners of her health, Barrett experienced the tragic death of her brother due to drowning in the year of 1838. These significant events left Barrett in a state of emotional turmoil. She found herself unable to live in the world of reality. For four years, she seperated herself from reality by locking herself in a bedroom. During this time, the only persons she conversed with was her family and one or two close friends. It was during this period that poetry became such a signifacant part of Barrett’s life. She began to write about Jesus, Angels, and other significant biblical characters. In the poem The Seraphim, two angels stand outside the Garden of Eden. It is there they describe and praise God for his awesome splendor and majesty. â€Å"Of earth, the God-created and God praised In hour of birth Where everynight the moon in light Doth lead waters silver faced? Where every day the sun doth lay A rapture to the heart of all The leafy and reeded pastoral, As if the joyous shout which burst From angel lips to see him first, Had left a silent echo in his ray?† (The Seraphim, 1838) The poem is a deep reflection of what Barrett feels inside at this time in her life. She is depressed, lonely and full of agony because of all the aweful things which are happening, so she turns to spirituality. She looks to God for renewal and strength, expressing his awesomeness in her poems, as she does here when describing the Holy God. Another poem written during the time of despair is titled The Virgin Mary to the Child Jesus. The poem is a...

Entrepreneur Paper and Presentation (Minicomputer) Essay

Entrepreneur Paper and Presentation (Minicomputer) - Essay Example Between 1944 and 1945, the navy trained Olsen in Electrical Engineering. The training at the navy and his work experience at a General Electric Factory where he served to troubleshoot their FM radios enabled Olsen to join MIT as an undergraduate in February 1947. At MIT, he studied Electrical Engineering where he concentrated on magnets and generators but it was not until he graduated that he heard about computers after being offered a job in the computer lab (473). It was his love for electronic that earned Olsen a position in MIT computer lab and not the grades as was the norm. This was in 1950 during which period; the IBM computer was so large and operated on bunch cards. Olsen applied great vigor during his stay at MIT where he worked as a liaison engineer on the Whirlwind in his first year. Olsen is noted to have challenged the inefficiencies at MIT and, as a result, he was put in charge of the TX-0, a project to that enabled him to direct the building of   the first transisto rized research computer(474). Olsen grew more determined that soon interactive, real-time mini- computers (474)   Olsen ventured into the entrepreneur field in 1957 when together with Harlan Anderson, an MIT colleague, approached the American Research and Development for a loan and founded DEC (475). Through DET, the minicomputer was possible, it was small and so cheap compared to the large IBM mainframe; cost was down by from between $1 million and $ 3million to about $125, 00 to $ 150,000. DET was already bathing in success just a few years from its formation. Olsen however knew too well not to overrate their ability and at one point had to decline an order of 100 minicomputers by NASA since he felt their rate of production was still too small (476). Olsen also knew how to stay ahead of his competitors. While his competitors were looking into how to improve on his products, Olsen and his assistance were working on new products. This was for instance portrayed in 1964

Western Art and Contemporary Chinese Painting Essay

Western Art and Contemporary Chinese Painting - Essay Example The essay "Western Art and Contemporary Chinese Painting" examines to what extent has contemporary Chinese painting been influenced western art both abstract and representational. The art prevailing in different areas of the world have numerous distinct factors as well as traits in common. The Chinese painting is a distinguished sector in World Art which contemporarily has innovations of western art in it. Investigation on the matter becomes significant for the academics on World Art as contemporary sector is in flourish nowadays. The people in China attached to Chinese painting demonstrate the mix of traditionalism from Chinese as well as western. Aesthetics of a nation is something that has substantial traits of entire evolution of the cultural setup of the society. Study on the topic necessitates prior identification of both traditions and the tools and techniques used in those specifically. The characteristics are recognized for them followed by analysing market for the same. The history leads researchers to remember renowned names from the field which resulted in the comparison of their works. Influences are offered by Chinese as well as western mutually which is seen in the contemporary works of both sectors. As an overall fact, real time boom in Chinese painting is being recognized through the study on the matter. Many of the current artists from China adopt complete western approach for their paintings rather than a merge of Chinese and western. Though it is accepted widely, this trend can ruin.

Bond pricing and fund managemet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bond pricing and fund managemet - Essay Example the amount of returns that an investor can earn from an investment, as well as the future changes as a result of economic risk associated with that particular investment can be established. For this reason, the above curve facilitates a significant comparison in bonds values. The term structure of interest rates is also the yield curve and is a central element in modern financial and monetary economics. It is the variation of the bonds’ yield with identical risk profiles with these bonds’ terms2. The yield curve shows the relationship between bonds yield to maturity and the effective maturity. Bonds with longer maturities are considered to have higher yields. However, there are also opinions that the yield curve may be flat showing that the yield curve remains the same irrespective of the bonds’ maturity. Also, in some cases, bonds with short-term maturities have their yield curves inverted implying that they are higher than those of long-term bonds3. Notes that the bonds’ yield curve is influenced by several factors among them the fiscal policies, inflation, economic conditions, tax policies, foreign exchange rates, expected forward rates, bonds’ credit rating and foreign capital inflows as well as outflows. The term structure of interest rates bears three identifiable features. They include higher volatility of yields on short-term bonds than long-term bonds; change in yields of various bonds move in the same directions; and the long-term bonds have higher yields. Several theories have been advanced to explain these characteristics. They are broadly classified as the market segmentation theory and expectations theories, which are the preferred habitat theory, the liquidity premium, and the pure expectation theory. Given that bonds have some set durations, sellers and buyers frequently have preferred maturities. The bond buyers prefer maturities that coincide with when they need money or with their liabilities while the bond sellers want maturities

The Introduction Of Tesco Plc Marketing Essay

The Introduction Of Tesco Plc Marketing Essay Tesco plc is one of British largest retail grocery currently the first in terms of the top 10 retail grocery in the United Kingdom. It was the first UK business to make  £2 billion in profits when it announced the feat early in 2005, (Tesco Annual Review, 2005) and the third largest global retailer based on revenue. Over the years, retail grocery sector represents the largest industry in UK providing employment for millions of people in UK either in manufacturing or in retailing. In 2003 retail accounted for 9% of domestic product (Datamonitor, 2003). The name TESCO was derived from the combination of a tea suppliers name T.E.Stockwell and Jack Cohen the founder of Tesco plc. Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen when he began to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London in 1919 and in 1924 Jack Cohen made a new label by combining the first three letters of the suppliers name (TES), and the first two letters of his surname (CO) to form TESCO. Tesco is one of the largest food retailers in the world, operating around 2,318 stores and employing over 326,000 people. In UK, Tesco plc operates under four banners namely Tesco Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. The first Tesco store was opened in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edgware, and Middlesex and in 1947; Tesco was floated on London Stock Exchange as Tesco Stores Holdings Limited. Fifty percent of sales in Tesco are gotten from Tescos own-label products which are in three levels, values, normal and finest. Tesco plc is also becoming one Britains largest independent petrol retailer because as well as convenience produce, many stores have gas stations and other retailing services rendered by Tesco also include Tesco personal finance. Tesco plc does not only specialise in food and drinks, the company also specialise in some other areas like clothing. Electronics, telecoms, retailing and renting of DVDs CDs, music downloads, car insurance and lots more. APPLY APPROPRIATE ANALYTICAL TOOLS TO EXAMINE TESCOS EXTERNAL OPERATING ENVINRONMENT AND APPROPRIATE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS AND TOOLS TO ANANLYSE THE ORGANISATIOONS INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT As noted by Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, (2008) The environment is what gives organisation their means of survival and there are five different layers of a business environment namely: the macro environment, industry or sector, competitors, the organisation and the market Business environment is a set of political, economic, social, technology, environmental and legal forces that can potentially have both positive and negative impact on the business. (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, 2008). EXTERNAL OPERATING ENVINRONMENT The constant change in market demands has made the economy so complex. Therefore analysing TESCOs eternal operating environment, the following tools will be applied to ensuring that TESCO meets the changes in market demands: the PEST tools, the SWOT tools and porters 5 forces. these tools will be to examine TESCOs operating environment. The PEST framework provides a comprehensive list of influences on the possible success or failure of particular strategies (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, 2008). This framework categorises environmental influences into political, economic, social and technological. POLITICAL FACTORS This factor highlights the role of government institutions. Take for stance in UK when the business environment was hit by credit crunch which lead to great unemployment. This trend actually helped TESCO because of their dominance in UK and as one of the fastest growing retailer they tried as much as possible to reduce the level of unemployment caused by these changes thereby creating employment. For employment legislation, the government encourages retailers to provide a mix of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally -based jobs to highly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally located jobs (Balchin, 1994). Also the strong government restriction against monopoly which is one of the threats TESCOs are faced with because within the customer law, it is very critical to note that protecting consumers and ensuring that entrepreneurs have the opportunity to compete in the market economy is very important. Also TESCO need to look critically in the aspect of government policies o n taxation because high taxation is one the major problems businesses face in the UK because it is never stable. The issues of government policies on trade restriction and implementation of new regulations could also affect in a way especially when there is free trade between the European Union which will be of TESCO benefit. ECONOMIC FACTORS This is another environmental factor which can make a huge impact in TESCO. Take for stance the economic down turn faced in UK due to the unemployment which drastically reduced the demand of so many good more so affecting the demand required to produce such goods which is a major concern to TESCO since they are highly dependent on the UK market. In addition if TESCO had known the economy was heading for a recession, with the use of PEST framework analysis it would have helped plan ahead. It is good to note that this factor can influence demand, cost, price and profits. SOCIAL/ CULTURAL FACTORTESCO plc is one of the retail groceries in UK who has successfully address peoples social and cultural needs due to the increment in the amount of non-food items for sale and this have sort of encouraged customer to move towards bulk shopping. The demographic changes like life style that is, the customers belief and attitudes have made TESCO to concentrate on added-value products and services. Another factor is population which has forced TESCO to have more interest in customers increased demand for organic products and this has in many ways help TESCO to strategies ways to drive cost out of the market. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS The use of technology in marketing is one of TESCOs expansion strategies. It has enabled customers to pay their bills electronically thereby reducing long queues. Online marketing has also influenced the development of many TESCO products and this benefits both the company and its customers. This personalised service makes shopping more convenient for the customers and has positively affects the growth of TESCO plc. PORTERS FIVE FORCES Threat of New Entrants The UK grocery market is so saturated with very few competitors dominating the market. There are five major key players in the UK grocery market namely Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury, Iceland and Safeway, all sharing the highest market share. With Tesco on top coupled with its huge investment and aggressive operational tactics in product development, it is difficult in all ramifications for a new entrant in the market to pose a threat the business of Tesco. Suppliers Bargaining Power Understanding that the suppliers bargaining power is very low, Tesco will not give room for a small chain to dictate prises in the market. The ability of Tesco as a huge grocery in UK to source for cheaper supplies abroad ,has enabled them to negotiate prices being brought forward by supplier which other small chains are not capable of meeting. For the fact that most of the major suppliers are scared of losing business to foreign supplier has influenced Tesco positively. Bargaining Power of Consumers When Tesco introduced Loyalty card and branded Clubcard in 1995, it did not succumb to other grocery that it was Tescos strategy of customizing service to gain dominance when it comes to meeting customers needs. This strategy not only made much profit for Tesco but also enabled Tesco to get a comprehensive database of all its consumers. This initiative actually won lots of customers for Tesco and has become standardized. It is amazing to the customers that they can get two clubcard points for every  £1 they spend in Tesco which means the more you spend in Tesco, the more clubcard points you make and these points can also be converted to coupons which can be redeemed for cash. The more the products that become standardized or undifferentiated, the lower the switching cost, and hence, more power is yielded to buyers. As theorized by Porter M. (1980). Threat of Substitute This threat can make great impact on Tesco plc when it comes to a product being substituted for another product which can make a customer switch to the alternative. This is mostly caused by the introduction of other small-scaled operations in the market. The demand of a particular product can be reduced if a customer sees an alternative in another market and for these reasons, Tesco are trying reduction of prices and modification of such products in the other banners they are operating on example Tesco Metro to avoid such threat. Bargaining Power of Competitors There are wide range and variety of competitions in the grocery business either on the small and large scale. Tesco in the grocery business has long witnessed a significant growth in size since its establishment in 1924, though not the first to be establish in UK but currently the first of the top 10 grocery in operation in UK and the third largest global retailer based on revenue. Over the years, grocery business has remained so competitive that it triggered a high level of development by major competitors like Asda, Sainsbury, Iceland and Safeway which has made Tesco to be more innovative thereby making them the largest grocery business providing employment for millions of people in UK either in manufacturing or in retailing and since been known for their market dominance. SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT analysis is a tool which could be used to audit an organisation and its internal and external environment. Tesco is the first of the top 10 grocery in UK with an excellent record in product and format innovation. And with the introduction of online shopping, Tesco became the only food retailer to make online shopping profitable which puts them ahead of other competitors. STRENGTHS Products with range of Prices: Tesco has several kinds of product in the market. These products range from food, non-food products, home appliances, medicines and so with different prices on all the products. In Tesco you can get whatever product you want at an affordable price. The prices vary anyway, the higher the quality, the higher the price and vice versa and this depend on the choice of the customer. Growing supermarket space: Tesco in the grocery business has long witnessed a significant growth in size since its establishment in 1924 and this is as a result of the growing population of consumers patronising the company and their increasing demand of several products. Strong brand image: Tesco is a household name in UK known for their market dominance in good quality and trustworthy product. It is because of Tesco strong brand image that most customers see great value in their services and this has earned the company lots of profits. Tesco Online: Online marketing has also influenced the development of many TESCO products and this benefits both the company and its customers. This personalised service makes shopping more convenient for the customers and currently being used by over one million customers in UK. The use Tesco Online in marketing is one of TESCOs expansion strategies. It has enabled customers to pay their bills electronically thereby reducing long queues thus bringing simplicity and value to the market. WEAKNESS Prices: Their price of goods poses lots of problem for Tesco plc. Trying to satisfy their customers needs by cutting cost of their products even their services can lead to a reduced profit margin for their business. High reliance on UK market: Tescos reliance on UK market is also one major weakness because if at any time the economy faces any challenges, this will definitely affects the business of Tesco, so it very much advisable for Tesco to look beyond UK and increase its foreign outlets and selling other commercial items. OPPORTUNITIES Internet: Tescos online successes is one great opportunities. Since the introduction of Tesco online, the use of technology in shopping has grown in quite a short space and moved into profitable status. Their website is so fully packaged totally different from all other grocery site and since there are no matches in terms of comparisons, it remains an advantage on the side of Tesco. Intervention in Asian market: Tescos intervention in the Asian market has serious positive implications in their growth internationally and this in no doubt will give Tesco an opportunity to develop its brand more so make Tesco much larger than they were due to Asias massive economies with huge growth forecast. Growth of non-food sales: Tesco known for their cut-cost structure can initiate same strategy to non-food retail and it is evident that Tesco capitalising on these opportunities are opening new store basically for the sales of non-food items which has given Tesco a tremendous result in increased market share in UK THREATS Economic instability: The unstable, unpredictable nature of the economy and political changes in UK pose lots of threat to Tesco and one critical example of these changes is the credit crunch which strokes the UK. This impacted on the consumers a lot because going by their low income, they had to go for products with low prices thereby paying less attention to higher priced brands and this can force a switch in Tescos price structure. Competition: This has also been a persistent threat and this one major reason why Tesco will keep up with the price cuts so as not to lose their customers to major competitors like Asda and Sainsbury. High price of raw material: The upsurge in cost of raw materials from both food and non-food could trigger poor production and this can impact Tesco overall profit margin. QUESTION 2 DEVELOP A VISION, MISSION STATEMENT, OBJECTIVES AND CONTROL MEASURES FOR TESCO The study of mission statement stated in the early 1970 s, and Drucker (1971) referred to them as a precursor to clear and realistic business objectives. As stated by Harrison and Enz(2005), An organizations mission statement provides an important vehicle for communicating ideals and a sense of directions and purpose to internal and external stakeholders. It can inspire employees and managers. It can also help organizational managers in resource-allocation decisions. With these definitions, it can be further explained that mission is what the organization is and its reason for existing whereas a vision is a forward-looking view of what the organization wants to become. Drummond and Ensor (1999) defined the mission of an organization as the unique purpose that distinguishes it from other companies and defines the boundaries of its operations. Vision Tescos vision is concentrated basically on their customers. They see themselves in many years to come as being the only grocery business in UK due their market development strategy. Mission statement To ensure continued income streams to the business from our key customers in all segments by removing the impediments which prevents them from the optimal enjoyment of our product and services. With the above mission statement, it is assumed that Tescos mission is permanently dominate the market giving no room for any competitors CRITICAL SUCCCESS FACTORS Objectives: The objectives of an organization govern the potentials value of the organisation and it also shows the platform on which the organisation is built in terms of profitability. The following describes Tescos objective: Tesco aims to minimize the cost of products and at the same time aim to earn high. Profit maximization is one major reason why a business will stand and Tesco sees selling at low price will attracts more customers thereby giving customers better chances of making choice in the quality and quantity of products at a valued price. Tesco need to ensure 100% customers satisfaction by offering good customers services and excellent Value for their money which differentiates them from their competitors. Dedication to their employees as well as to customers, ensuring that all their wants and needs are met KEY PERFORMANCES INDICATOR For Tesco to remain on top rather to maintain its position in the top 10, the following measures need to be critically evaluated: Tesco employees need have sound knowledge of their products so as to make shopping not too complex for their customers. This can also give customers ideas of some products they are not aware of more so forcing out a change of choice in their decision to buy more. Customers satisfaction is one vital key to business success. If a customer is not satisfied with either the product or the service then it will be difficult for such business to exceed. In other words, Tesco actually need to improve more in their customer service. Tesco at all time need to assure customers quality brands and also services by investing more in employee training. CORPARATE AND BUSINESS STRATEGIES Tesco is an organization more voluminous in terms of revenue acquisition and customers than any other grocery market in UK and for it to maintain its current standard or create a wide margin in the market, a lot need to be done to achieve it objectives. Firstly, Tesco need to divert the attention of customer from non-food products to food products. To do this, they need not to concentrate their advertisement more on non-food products but also encourage their customers to eat more sea foods, fruits as well as vegetables. They should also emphasis more on sales promotion of their own-labelled products on advert thus re-directing the customers usual orientation of branded products. The management need to put the quality of staffs into consideration not only the quality and quantity of their products. Arranging training programs will be appropriate to evaluate their employees quality, such programs will enable them gather vast knowledge of their products more so keeping the goals of the organization alive in the employees. Theoretically Tescos strategic development can also be analysed using Ansoffs matrix and BCG matrix

Creation Stories :: African Creation Tales Essays

Creation Stories Hegemonic myths are integral to understanding not only where a culture came from but also where it is going. The norms, ethics, and mores of a society are imbedded in its oral and written tradition so that it can subtly be relayed from generation to generation. The myths themselves are not consciously constructed with this intention. Rather the messages are subtextual – hidden in the creative story lines and characters. Since they were such good teaching tools, every culture has some kind of creation story to relay its early beginnings and important lessons. Although each society has its own version there are similarities and differences among the different cultures. For example, within West Africa there are comparable and contrasting creation stories, and then between West Africa and Egypt there are additional points of comparison. There are a variety of categories upon which the different creation stories correspond that it is difficult to find an overall theme. However, it can be said that each culture truly believed that its society was the center of the universe and its story was unequivocally right. I cannot help but be reminded of a scene from the Rogers and Hammerstein musical, The King and I. When Misses Anna shows the emperor’s children the map of the world, they are astounded that Siam is so small and not the center of the world. Additionally, they do not believe the world rotates on an axis. Rather, it is carried on the back of a giant turtle. Although it may seem rather comical, this is another creation story that, like those from West Africa and Egypt, affirms that the society holds their cultural myths as fact. In addition to the ethnocentric view that each story purveys, there is an inherent need to explain the unknown. This was probably their intended purpose, in addition to providing entertainment. The stories were necessary for people to understand the world around them and their place in it. The elements, the origin of man and his vices and natural occurrences, such as the cycles of the sun and moon, are topics that each myth addresses. It is interesting to note the circumstances under which humans were created. In both the Egyptian and West African Mande myths, man upset the equilibrium that existed between him and the Gods.

Research Critique of Benefits of Systematic Phonics Instruction

The purpose of this study or major research question â€Å"was to find if children taught with systematic phonics programs outperformed children in nonsystematic phonics or non phonics programs. † (Graaff, Bosman, Hasselman, &Verhoeven, 2009) The authors do list a major research question, but the problem statement was not as clear as it could have been. The reader has to read in depth of the entire article to really bring conclusion to what is being researched. It is not very defined with clarity, but you are able to figure out what is being researched and tested. The problem is significant and relevant because the researchers are looking at two approaches using a control group of children enrolling them in five types of programs: Basal reading programs, regular curriculum, whole language, whole word, and miscellaneous programs. In whole language approaches, it is believed that children will learn language (oral and written) best if it is learned for authentic purposes (Stahl, 1999). The author states the computer-based experiment permitted us to compare the differences and effectiveness of a systematic and a nonsystematic phonics approach, because in both programs the same 10 grapheme-phoneme correspondences were taught. Hypothesis The authors open their article with, â€Å"systematic phonics instruction appears to be more effective than non systematic instruction for teaching reading. † (Graaff, Bosman, Hasselman, &Verhoeven, 2009) In the present study, a systematic phonics approach was directly compared with a non-systematic phonics approach for kindergarten children. Feature Article  Country School  Allen Curnow The authors clearly state what they feel will happen in their research but do not go into much detail other than one or two reviews from other authors of why they support the research in the pre testing of it the way that they do. The author explains on the measures of phonemic awareness, spelling, and reading, the systematic phonics group made more progress than the nonsystematic phonics group and the control group. Results The results of the test in the productive letter sound test at pretest were . 13. The performance showed to be no difference between the two training conditions in this section. The free sound isolation test at pretest was 0. The performance on the free sound- isolation test of children in both the unsystematic phonics training and in the control condition was found to have no difference. The measurement of the Reading Test found no difference between the phonics training and the same measure and outcome was found with the spelling test. The results of the testing procedures were hard to read and understand. The process used by Intra Class Correlation was the measurement used at the pretest. It never discusses the ICC during the posttest. Whether the ICC was used it never refers to it after the pretest discussion.

Biography of Mary Sibley, Salem Witch Trials Witness

Biography of Mary Sibley, Salem Witch Trials Witness Mary Sibley (April 21, 1660–ca. 1761) was a key but minor figure in the historical record of the Salem Witch Trials in Massachusetts Colony of 1692. She was the neighbor of the Parris family who advised John Indian to make a witch’s cake. The denouncing of that act has been seen as one of the triggers of the witch craze that followed. Fast Facts: Mary Sibley Known For: Key role in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692Born: April 21, 1660 in Salem, Essex County, MassachusettsParents: Benjamin and Rebecca Canterbury WoodrowDied: c. 1761Education: UnknownSpouse: Samuel Sibley (or Siblehahy or Sibly), February 12, 1656/1257–1708. m. 1686Children: At least 7 Early Life Mary Sibley was a real person, born Mary Woodrow on April 21, 1660 in Salem, in Essex County, Massachusetts. Her parents, Benjamin Woodrow (1635–1697) and Rebecca Canterbury (spelled Catebruy or Cantlebury, 1630–1663), were born in Salem to parents from England. Mary had at least one brother Jospeh/Joseph, born about 1663. Rebecca died when Mary was about 3 years old. Nothing is known of her education, but in 1686, when Mary was about 26 years old, she married Samuel Sibley.  Their first two children were born before 1692, one was born in 1692 (a son, William), and four more were born after the events at Salem, after 1693. Samuel Sibleys Connection to Salem Accusers Mary Sibleys husband had a sister Mary, who was married to Captain Jonathan Walcott or  Wolcott, and their daughter was Mary Wolcott. Mary Wolcott became one of the accusers of witches in the Salem community in May 1692 when she was about 17 years old. Those she accused included  Ann Foster. Mary Wolcott’s father John had remarried after Samuels sister Mary died, and Mary Wolcotts new stepmother was Deliverance Putnam Wolcott, a sister of Thomas Putnam, Jr.  Thomas Putnam Jr. was  one of the accusers at Salem as were his wife and daughter, Ann Putnam, Sr. and Ann Putnam, Jr. Salem 1692 In January of 1692, two girls in the home of the Rev. Samuel Parris, Elizabeth (Betty) Parris  and  Abigail Williams, ages 9 and 12,  began exhibiting very strange symptoms, and a  Caribbean slave, Tituba, also experienced images of the devil- all according to later testimony.  A doctor diagnosed the â€Å"Evil Hand† as the cause, and Mary Sibley offered the idea of the witch’s cake to John Indian, a Caribbean slave of the Parris family. The primary evidence in the trial against the group was the witchs cake, a common folk magic tool made using the urine of the afflicted girls. Supposedly, sympathetic magic meant that the evil afflicting them would be in the cake, and, when a dog consumed the cake, it would point to the witches who had afflicted them.  While this was apparently a known practice in English folk culture to identify likely witches, the Rev. Parris in his Sunday sermon denounced even such well-intentioned  uses of magic, as they could also be â€Å"diabolical† (works of the devil). The witchs cake didnt stop the afflictions of the two girls.  Instead, two additional girls began to show some afflictions:  Ann Putnam Jr.,  connected to Mary Sibley through her husbands brother-in-law, and Elizabeth Hubbard. Confession and Restoration Mary Sibley confessed in church that she had erred, and the congregation acknowledged their satisfaction with her confession by a show of hands. She probably thereby avoided being accused as a witch. The next month, the town records note her suspension from communion and restoration to full congregational inclusion when she made her confession. March 11, 1692 – Mary, the wife of Samuel Sibley, having been suspended from communion with the church there, for the advices she gave John [husband of Tituba] to make the above experiment, is restored on confession that her purpose was innocent. Neither Mary nor Samuel Sibley appears on the 1689 register of covenanted church members of the Salem Village church, so they must have joined after that date. According to genealogical records, she lived well into her nineties, dying about 1761. Fictional Representations In the 2014 Salem-based supernatural scripted series  from WGN America, Salem,  Janet Montgomery stared as Mary Sibley, who in this fictional representation is an actual witch. She is, in the fictional universe, the most powerful witch in Salem.  Her maiden name is Mary Walcott, similar but not the same as the maiden name, Woodrow, of the real-life Mary Sibley. Another Mary Walcott in the real Salem universe was one of the key accusers at age 17, a niece of Ann Putnam Sr. and cousin of Ann Putnam Jr. That Mary Walcott (or Wolcott) in the real Salem was a niece of Samuel Sibley, husband of the Mary Sibley who baked the witchs cake.  The producers of the  Salem  series seem to have combined the characters of Mary Walcott and Mary Sibley, niece, and aunt, to create a completely fictionalized character. In the pilot of the series, the fictional Mary Sibley assists her husband in throwing up a frog. In this version of the Salem witch history, Mary Sibley is married to George Sibley and is a former lover of John Alden (who is much younger in the show than he was in the real Salem.) The Salem  show even introduced a character, Countess Marburg, a German witch  and terrible villain who has had an unnaturally long life.  At the end of Season 2, Tituba and the Countess die, but Mary goes on for another season. Ultimately, Mary comes to wholeheartedly regret her choices. She and her lover are reconciled and fight for the future together. Sources Ancestry.com.  Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988  [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011.  Original data:  Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts.  Massachusetts Vital and Town Records. Provo, UT: Holbrook Research Institute (Jay and Delene Holbrook).  Note that the image clearly shows 1660 as the birth date, though the text at the site interprets it as 1666.Mary Sibley. Geni, January 22, 2019.Yates Publishing.  U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900  [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.Jalalzai, Zubeda. Historical Fiction and Maryse Condà ©s I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem. African American Review 43.2/3 (2009): 413–25.Latner, Richard. Here Are No Newters: Witchcraft and Religious Discord in Salem Village and Andover. The New England Quarterly 79.1 (2006): 92–122.Ray, Benjamin C. The Salem Witch Mania: Recent Scholarship and American History Textbooks. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 78.1 (2010): 40–64. Satans War against the Covenant in Salem Village, 1692. The New England Quarterly 80.1 (2007): 69–95.

Figure of a Mother Holding a Child Essay Example

Figure of a Mother Holding a Child Essay Example Figure of a Mother Holding a Child Essay Figure of a Mother Holding a Child Essay Created in the 19th century by an unknown Lulua creative person. the Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child is a really interesting sculpture because there are multiple ways of understanding its import. On one manus. the sculpture is a perfect word picture of the hurting of famishment that the African people have been sing for a long clip. and that cipher outside of Africa has done anything eventful about – despite the fact that the full universe discusses it. On the other manus. it represents a ritual that the Lulua folk of the Democratic Republic of Congo had practiced for its ain endurance ( Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child ) . The sculpture is that of a skinny. African female with an baby in her weaponries. The woman’s caput is larger than her organic structure. The bone lines on her cervix are peculiarly stating. Even so. the bone lines on her cervix and the furrows on her face had really been created by the creative person to demo that the Lulua peoples had used scarification to decorate their organic structures ( Lulua Tribe: Democratic Republic of Congo ; Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child ) . Indeed. it is scarification that adorns the adult female transporting the baby. Merely the same the spectator is made to experience sorry for the adult female and her kid because they appear highly hapless. Made with wood and Cu metal. the adult female in the sculpture has pouching eyes and a pointed base ( Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child ) . Harmonizing to the Brooklyn Museum. the base was most likely thrust into a pot incorporating Earth and assorted bishimba. or stuffs of mineral. works. animate being. or human beginning endowed with protective powers ( Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child ) . : In actuality. the sculpture had been created for a Lulua adult female who had experienced troubles in childbearing. The Lulua people believed that it was the evil spirit which interrupted the procedure of childbearing for many adult females. So that the adult female would pull the hereditary spirit of the Lulua folk to acquire rid of the evil spirit. the creative person gave her the sculpture to care for until bringing. The pouching eyes of the sculpture reveal that the adult female is cognizant of the influence of the evil spirit that is halting her from going a female parent ( Lulua Tribe ) . The Lulua peoples had migrated from western Africa to the Democratic Republic of Congo during the 18th century. These people lived in small regional chiefdoms. and hence formed closely knit communities ( Lulua Tribe ) . Because they were immigrants. they were instead concerned about their continuity. Furthermore. the Lulua people believed that their sculptures had to be made for spiritual grounds ( Lulua Tribe ) . The Lulua creative persons who created sculptures such as the Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child must hold had faith that they were transporting out their moral responsibility toward their ain people. Indeed. the spiritual values of the Lulua people were guarded by their art. Sculptures of female were rather popular among them. as these figures exemplified the brotherhood of physical and moral beautify ( Figurative Sculpture ) . The Lulua people believed in comparing proper behaviour with physical beauty ( Figurative Sculpture ) . It can be inferred that the Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child and all other sculptures created for the same ground were reminders for the Lulua people that the human organic structure can non be separated from morality. This rule is clearly exemplified by the bond between female parent and kid. Figurative Sculpture. Cardinal African Art. 4 Dec 2007. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //africa. Si. edu/exhibits/journey/figurative. hypertext markup language gt ; . Figure of a Mother Keeping a Child. Brooklyn Museum Collections: African Art. 4 Dec 2007. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. brooklynmuseum. org/collections/african_art/50. 124. php gt ; . Lulua Tribe: Democratic Republic of Congo. For African Art. 2006. 4 Dec 2007. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. forafricanart. com/Lulua_ep_56-1. hypertext markup language gt ; .

Psychology Bsc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychology Bsc - Essay Example If they are asked to go beyond their stage of development they can only do some of the tasks required, and this depends on the child. When watching children we must take a look at the various developmental studies so that we can be sure that children we are watching are doing those tasks that are appropriate for their developmental stage. Piaget suggested that there were four basic cognitive stages of development. The children that we researched were in the preoperational stage where "children begin to use symbols for objects, thinking is influenced by fantasy" and the child assumes that other people have the same viewpoint as they do. (Loose Leaf Library 1990). As we watched the children in our group, they seemed to be doing exactly as Piaget suggested. They were alert and were able to work with the plastacine and create their own object by making it something that they saw in fantasy. The cognitive stage of development is important to the project that our group did because it assumed that the children already knew how to work with plastacine and that they would understand the interview questions. A similar study was done by Bub, Masson, and Lalonde (2006) in which children were subjected to reading tests to see whether they could overcome Stroop interference in their reading. The point of the Stroop effect is to show that when a child reads a colour that is a different colour than the word, they will take longer to perform the task of reading the word (p. 351). This study worked with 65 children between the ages of 7 and 11. They used five colours (blue, green, pink, red, and yellow) and five words (back, cold, face, home, and look) for the colour matching and reading words (p. 353). What they found was that the younger children had more Stroop interference than the older children. Although this study was interesting to read, it would seem that this topic would n ot be very important in helping children learn how

The Assessment and Prevention of Patient Bed Sores Essay

The Assessment and Prevention of Patient Bed Sores - Essay Example These ideas have been included in this research as well as how they are critically assessed. The idea of preventing bed sores is the main theme found within these pages, and there are a myriad of ways one can go about protecting a patient from acquiring these adverse sores. In conclusion the body of this literature reached it's finality by emphasizing how imperative it is to have good nursing care with preventive procedures that help the patient with adversities such as bedsores. The reason this was found to be conclusive was so that it could be ensured the final outcome for the patient could be expected to be a positive one. Bed sores happen to be a very serious complication in patient care. It is readily hard to believe that what is termed a simple bed sore or "pressure sore" can lead to a patient's death but yet, it very well can if a form of proper interventive care and assessments are not carried out right away. This point can be validated in the research done on bed sores through the Mayo Clinic of Health (2005). There is familiarity with the actor Christopher Reeve's but little is known as to his cause of death which ultimately was found to be a bed sore that had developed and gradually proceeded to get progressively worse due to his quadriplegic state. This idea is brought in to this literature in order to give a full and cohesive account as to how severe bed sores or ulcerations of the skin can actually be to the patients' health. Bedsores can progress rather rapidly and cause many complications in the realm of quality patient care but what is found is that they do not have to take place at all. A huge amount of research has been carried out by many experts in health care and it has shown that ulcer injury is a highly significant problem in caring for patients. However, following the preventive care guidelines that are found in various clinical care settings can effectively assist nurses in providing critical care for patients who are more apse to acquire these ulcerations (Lewis et al 2003). Nurses simple have to implement the correct regular assessments of patients and introduce the most efficient preventive measures to reduce these types of patient adversities. Within the country of Australia there is a definite problem with this type of healthcare complication which this literature is essentially pointing out. It is estimated that the preventive care alone is tallying in at $350 million dollars per year, which stresses the significance of the problem and introduces the probability that there needs to be a more definitive means of ensuring less occurrences of these types of ailments in patient care (Lewis et al 2003). Because pressure ulcers normally form on parts of the body that lie immobile and are constantly under the body weight of the patient, the preventive care is far more complicated. Furthermore, another problem that nurses face in preventive treatment of ulcers is the fact that many of these treatment regimens have not been found to be a surefire way of prevention and have even been known to exacerbate the problem far more than what it initially started as (Lewis et al